{"id":10561,"date":"2018-12-13T10:55:32","date_gmt":"2018-12-13T09:55:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/design-your-cooling-system-using-forced-convection-in-just-three-easy-steps\/"},"modified":"2023-01-10T16:35:43","modified_gmt":"2023-01-10T15:35:43","slug":"design-your-cooling-system-using-forced-convection-in-just-three-easy-steps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/it\/design-your-cooling-system-using-forced-convection-in-just-three-easy-steps\/","title":{"rendered":"Design your cooling system using forced convection in just three easy steps"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Convection is a heat transfer process in which a fluid comes in contact with a warmer surface and removes heat from it. When external means such as pumps or fans are utilized to increase the flow rate, it\u2019s called \u201cforced convection.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This process is widely applied in the cooling of electronics systems. It can be beneficial especially when the heat flux is up to 100 W\/cm2.<\/p>\n<p>This article will analyze forced convection and the following topics relevant to its application:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Key characteristic of heatsinks utilized in forced convection<\/li>\n<li>How to choose the right fan for the heatsink<\/li>\n<li>Fans in parallel or series<\/li>\n<li>Conclusion<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1- Key characteristic of heatsinks employed in forced convection<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To maximize heat transfer with convection, it\u2019s beneficial to increase the free surface available for the heat transfer. For this reason, heatsinks are usually designed with structures called \u201cfins\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Air speed is high due to the forced convection, and so it makes sense to use a very small gap between fins.<\/p>\n<p>Different technologies can be applied to realize heatsinks with reduced fin spacing. With CAB brazing technology, it\u2019s possible to obtain cost-effective heatsinks where the gap and position of the fins are engineered to optimize the cooling system\u2019s thermal performance.<\/p>\n<p>The following figures show heatsinks realized with CAB technology.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2068 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture1-1218-300x190.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture1-1218-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture1-1218.png 437w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2070 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture2b-1218-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture2b-1218-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture2b-1218.png 347w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2069 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture2-1218-300x224.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture2-1218-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture2-1218.png 345w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2071 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture3-1218-298x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"298\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture3-1218-298x300.png 298w, https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture3-1218-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture3-1218.png 366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2072 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture3b-1218-300x246.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture3b-1218-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture3b-1218.png 447w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>2- How to choose the right fan for the heatsink<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The first step in determining the right fan for the heatsink is to plot the pressure drop across the fins versus flow rate of the inlet fluid (see figure 4).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2073 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture4-300x239.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A fan generates pressure that moves air (or gases) to a resistance. To describe its performance, a curve is drawn where the resistance achieved as pressure drops are plotted as dependent on the flow rate (see figure 5).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2074 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture5-300x239.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"239\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In the graph, the hatched area represents the conditions under which the fan achieves better performance. To understand if the fan can be used with the engineered heatsink, we must see if the heatsink curve falls within the hatched area in the fan\u2019s graph (see figure).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2088 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Screenshot-2018-12-13-at-11.38.48-300x238.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"238\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The working point is the point where the two lines intersect. So to maximize performance of the cooling system, it\u2019s necessary to calibrate the fan with the indicated flow rate.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3- Fan in parallel or in series<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We can use two or more fans to increase performance. Depending on their mutual position, two systems with the following characteristics are possible:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; PARALLEL:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; the <strong>total flow rate <\/strong>will be the amount of the single fan\u2019s flow rate<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; the <strong>total pressure drop <\/strong>remains the same<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2076\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2076\" class=\"wp-image-2076 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture7-300x159.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"159\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2076\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 7<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#8211; SERIES:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; the <strong>total\u00a0<\/strong><strong>flow rate <\/strong>remains the same<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; the <strong>total pressure drop <\/strong>will be the amount of the single fan\u2019s pressure drop<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2077 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/Picture8-300x161.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The graphs above show that the working zone changes as well. The parallel system can be useful when a higher air speed is required. The series system is advantageous in cases where the heatsink creates a high resistance (i.e. once with very close fins).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When an electronic device generates a heat flux higher than 70 W\/cm2, natural convection is no longer sufficient, and a forced convection system is required. This type of system requires an additional power supply for the fans. Moreover, the final size of the complete system \u2014 including the heatsink and fan \u2014 is usually an important consideration.<\/p>\n<p>To maximize thermal performance by minimizing the undesired feature described above, good engineering can transform a working system into an efficient one.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">Click on the picture and download our free e-book<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">&#8220;Four Common Mistakes To Avoid When Selecting a Heat Sink&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1924 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mockup-e-book-255-212x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mockup-e-book-255-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/priatherm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mockup-e-book-255.jpg 255w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Convection is a heat transfer process in which a fluid comes in contact with a warmer surface and removes heat from it. When external means such as pumps or fans are utilized to increase the flow rate, it\u2019s called \u201cforced convection.\u201d This process is widely applied in the cooling of electronics systems. It can be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9212,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-priatherm-it"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Design your cooling system using forced convection in just three easy steps - Priatherm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/priatherm.com\/it\/design-your-cooling-system-using-forced-convection-in-just-three-easy-steps\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Design your cooling system using forced convection in just three easy steps - Priatherm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Convection is a heat transfer process in which a fluid comes in contact with a warmer surface and removes heat from it. 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When external means such as pumps or fans are utilized to increase the flow rate, it\u2019s called \u201cforced convection.\u201d This process is widely applied in the cooling of electronics systems. 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